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February 6

Dr. Reshid, former governor-general of Diyarbekir Province and a major war criminal, commits suicide.

February 26

During the tenth session of the court martial on the Yozgat massacres, testimony is presented that the local gendarmery commander, Tevfik, had purchased Armenian-owned property valued at 50,000 Turkish gold pounds.

February

A court martial to address war crimes in convened in Constantinople.

March 5

The eleventh session of the trial on the Yozgat massacres is held.

March 8

An imperial decree is published in Constantinople calling for the court martial of the Ittihadist leaders.

March 13

The Grand Vizier, Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, attempts to justify the massacres on the basis of false accusations against the Armenians.

March 24

The twelfth session taking testimony on the massacres at Yozgat is held.

March 30

During the Yozgat trial, shots are fired in the courtroom in an attempt to disrupt the court martial.

April 5

The fifth session of the trial on the Trebizond massacres is held.

April 12

Kemal Bey, the chief culprit of the Yozgat massacres, sentenced to death by the military tribunal, is publicly hanged.

April 15

The court martial investigates the role of the Ittihad Party in the Armenian massacres.

May 4

The second session of the tribunal investigating the Ittihad Party reveals that the Ittihad cabinet ministers were simultaneously serving as executive members of the Ittihad Party.

May 5

The thirteenth session of the trial on the Trebizond massacres is held.

May 6

The third session of the tribunal on the Ittihad Party reveals that the original Convention of the Ittihad had consisted of only 300 members.

May 8

The fourth session of the Ittihad tribunal is held.

May 8

One hundred and eighty thousand Turkish gold pounds are requisitioned from the Tejeddut Party.

May 8

The fifth session of the Ittihad tribunal and the trial of the Young Turk propagandist, Zia Gokalp, is held.

May 11

The sixteenth session of the trial on the Trebizond massacres is held.

May 15

The eighteenth session of the trial on the Trebizond massacres is held.

May 19

A mass meeting of 100,000 persons organized by the Constantinople Police Department protests the May 14 landing of the Greek Army at Smyrna.

May 19

Mustafa Kemal lands at Samsun on assignment from the Ministry of War and the Grand Vizier in Constantinople as inspector-general of central Anatolia. Kemal begins organizing new Turkish armies to oppose the Allies. Former Ittihadist leaders join forces with Kemal.

May 28

On the first anniversary of independence, the Republic of Armenia declares the unification of Caucasian and Turkish Armenia.

June 10

Talaat, Enver, Jemal, and Dr. Nazim, charged with war crimes by the Turkish court martial, are condemned to death in absentia.

July

The Constantinople branch of the Ittihad Party plans to send Javid, Dr. Adnan, and his wife Halide Hanum, as their delegates to the Congress convened in Sivas by Mustafa Kemal. To escape trial for war crimes, Javid had been in hiding in Turkey for eight months following the armistice.

August 3

The trial on the Kharput massacres begins. Halil Pasha is heard as a witness. Evidence is introduced revealing that Behaeddin Shakir used two separate ciphers, one for use with the Sublime Porte, the other for use with the War Ministry.

August 13

Halil Pasha and Kuchuk Talaat, both accused war criminals, escape from Constantinople to join Kemal's forces.

November 2

Jelal Bey is reappointed governor-general of Aleppo Province. Jelal Bey had previously served as governor-general of Aleppo Province until May 1915, when he resigned in protest against the order to exterminate the Armenians. After his resignation, Jelal Bey had been transferred to Konia (Konya), where he had remained in office until the end of 1916.

December

Francois Georges-Picot, former French High Commissioner in Syria, and Mustafa Kemal hold a secret meeting in Sivas concerning the status of Cilicia. Kemal demands that the French Army, including the Armenian volunteer forces serving with it, be withdrawn. Picot agrees, leaving defenseless the Armenians in Cilicia who had returned home after surviving deportation to the desert.

Next Segment — 1920 Segments of the Chronology